(1) Get rid of path sorting and just scan them, since sorting may have been a premature optimization that introduced a regression and path instability in a few edge cases, and (2) do not attempt to contact remote paths received via PUSH_DIRECT_PATH if we already have that path and it is already active (dumb, should have done this originally)

node/IncomingPacket.cpp

@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ bool IncomingPacket::_doPUSH_DIRECT_PATHS(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,const Sha
 			switch(addrType) {
 				case 4: {
 					InetAddress a(field(ptr,4),4,at<uint16_t>(ptr + 4));
-					if ( ((flags & 0x01) == 0) && (Path::isAddressValidForPath(a)) ) {
+					if ( ((flags & 0x01) == 0) && (Path::isAddressValidForPath(a)) && (!peer->hasActivePathTo(now,a)) ) {
 						if (++countPerScope[(int)a.ipScope()][0] <= ZT_PUSH_DIRECT_PATHS_MAX_PER_SCOPE_AND_FAMILY) {
 							TRACE("attempting to contact %s at pushed direct path %s",peer->address().toString().c_str(),a.toString().c_str());
 							peer->sendHELLO(RR,_localAddress,a,now);
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ bool IncomingPacket::_doPUSH_DIRECT_PATHS(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,const Sha
 				}	break;
 				case 6: {
 					InetAddress a(field(ptr,16),16,at<uint16_t>(ptr + 16));
-					if ( ((flags & 0x01) == 0) && (Path::isAddressValidForPath(a)) ) {
+					if ( ((flags & 0x01) == 0) && (Path::isAddressValidForPath(a)) && (!peer->hasActivePathTo(now,a)) ) {
 						if (++countPerScope[(int)a.ipScope()][1] <= ZT_PUSH_DIRECT_PATHS_MAX_PER_SCOPE_AND_FAMILY) {
 							TRACE("attempting to contact %s at pushed direct path %s",peer->address().toString().c_str(),a.toString().c_str());
 							peer->sendHELLO(RR,_localAddress,a,now);

node/Path.hpp

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@
  */
 #define ZT_PATH_FLAG_CLUSTER_SUBOPTIMAL 0x0001
 
+/**
+ * Maximum return value of preferenceRank()
+ */
+#define ZT_PATH_MAX_PREFERENCE_RANK ((ZT_INETADDRESS_MAX_SCOPE << 1) | 1)
+
 namespace ZeroTier {
 
 class RuntimeEnvironment;
@@ -149,9 +154,9 @@ public:
 	inline InetAddress::IpScope ipScope() const throw() { return _ipScope; }
 
 	/**
-	 * @return Preference rank, higher == better
+	 * @return Preference rank, higher == better (will be less than 255)
 	 */
-	inline int preferenceRank() const throw()
+	inline unsigned int preferenceRank() const throw()
 	{
 		// First, since the scope enum values in InetAddress.hpp are in order of
 		// use preference rank, we take that. Then we multiple by two, yielding
@@ -159,7 +164,20 @@ public:
 		// makes IPv6 addresses of a given scope outrank IPv4 addresses of the
 		// same scope -- e.g. 1 outranks 0. This makes us prefer IPv6, but not
 		// if the address scope/class is of a fundamentally lower rank.
-		return ( ((int)_ipScope * 2) + ((_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) ? 1 : 0) );
+		return ( ((unsigned int)_ipScope << 1) | (unsigned int)(_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return This path's overall score (higher == better)
+	 */
+	inline uint64_t score() const throw()
+	{
+		/* We compute the score based on the "freshness" of the path (when we last
+		 * received something) scaled/corrected by the preference rank within the
+		 * ping keepalive window. That way higher ranking paths are preferred but
+		 * not to the point of overriding timeouts and choosing potentially dead
+		 * paths. */
+		return (_lastReceived + (preferenceRank() * (ZT_PEER_DIRECT_PING_DELAY / ZT_PATH_MAX_PREFERENCE_RANK)));
 	}
 
 	/**

node/Peer.cpp

@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ void Peer::received(
 						slot->setClusterSuboptimal(suboptimalPath);
 #endif
 						_numPaths = np;
-						_sortPaths(now);
 					}
 
 #ifdef ZT_ENABLE_CLUSTER
@@ -362,7 +361,6 @@ bool Peer::resetWithinScope(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,InetAddress::IpScope sc
 		++x;
 	}
 	_numPaths = y;
-	_sortPaths(now);
 	return (y < np);
 }
 
@@ -501,58 +499,34 @@ void Peer::clean(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,uint64_t now)
 	}
 }
 
-struct _SortPathsByQuality
-{
-	uint64_t _now;
-	_SortPathsByQuality(const uint64_t now) : _now(now) {}
-	inline bool operator()(const Path &a,const Path &b) const
-	{
-		const uint64_t qa = (
-			((uint64_t)a.active(_now) << 63) |
-			(((uint64_t)(a.preferenceRank() & 0xfff)) << 51) |
-			((uint64_t)a.lastReceived() & 0x7ffffffffffffULL) );
-		const uint64_t qb = (
-			((uint64_t)b.active(_now) << 63) |
-			(((uint64_t)(b.preferenceRank() & 0xfff)) << 51) |
-			((uint64_t)b.lastReceived() & 0x7ffffffffffffULL) );
-		return (qb < qa); // invert sense to sort in descending order
-	}
-};
-void Peer::_sortPaths(const uint64_t now)
-{
-	// assumes _lock is locked
-	_lastPathSort = now;
-	std::sort(&(_paths[0]),&(_paths[_numPaths]),_SortPathsByQuality(now));
-}
-
 Path *Peer::_getBestPath(const uint64_t now)
 {
 	// assumes _lock is locked
-	if ((now - _lastPathSort) >= ZT_PEER_PATH_SORT_INTERVAL)
+	Path *bestPath = (Path *)0;
-		_sortPaths(now);
+	uint64_t bestPathScore = 0;
-	if (_paths[0].active(now)) {
+	for(unsigned int i=0;i<_numPaths;++i) {
-		return &(_paths[0]);
+		const uint64_t score = _paths[i].score();
-	} else {
+		if ((score >= bestPathScore)&&(_paths[i].active(now))) {
-		_sortPaths(now);
+			bestPathScore = score;
-		if (_paths[0].active(now))
+			bestPath = &(_paths[i]);
-			return &(_paths[0]);
 		}
-	return (Path *)0;
+	}
+	return bestPath;
 }
 
 Path *Peer::_getBestPath(const uint64_t now,int inetAddressFamily)
 {
 	// assumes _lock is locked
-	if ((now - _lastPathSort) >= ZT_PEER_PATH_SORT_INTERVAL)
+	Path *bestPath = (Path *)0;
-		_sortPaths(now);
+	uint64_t bestPathScore = 0;
-	for(int k=0;k<2;++k) { // try once, and if it fails sort and try one more time
 	for(unsigned int i=0;i<_numPaths;++i) {
-			if ((_paths[i].active(now))&&((int)_paths[i].address().ss_family == inetAddressFamily))
+		const uint64_t score = _paths[i].score();
-				return &(_paths[i]);
+		if (((int)_paths[i].address().ss_family == inetAddressFamily)&&(score >= bestPathScore)&&(_paths[i].active(now))) {
+			bestPathScore = score;
+			bestPath = &(_paths[i]);
 		}
-		_sortPaths(now);
 	}
-	return (Path *)0;
+	return bestPath;
 }
 
 } // namespace ZeroTier

node/Peer.hpp

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public:
 	 */
 	inline Path *send(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,const void *data,unsigned int len,uint64_t now)
 	{
-		Path *bestPath = getBestPath(now);
+		Path *const bestPath = getBestPath(now);
 		if (bestPath) {
 			if (bestPath->send(RR,data,len,now))
 				return bestPath;
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public:
 	bool doPingAndKeepalive(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,uint64_t now,int inetAddressFamily);
 
 	/**
-	 * Push direct paths if we haven't done so in [rate limit] milliseconds
+	 * Push direct paths back to self if we haven't done so in the configured timeout
 	 *
 	 * @param RR Runtime environment
 	 * @param path Remote path to use to send the push
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ public:
 	inline uint64_t lastAnnouncedTo() const throw() { return _lastAnnouncedTo; }
 
 	/**
-	 * @return True if this peer is actively sending real network frames
+	 * @return True if this peer has sent us real network traffic recently
 	 */
 	inline uint64_t activelyTransferringFrames(uint64_t now) const throw() { return ((now - lastFrame()) < ZT_PEER_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT); }
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ public:
 	inline bool hasActiveDirectPath(uint64_t now) const
 	{
 		Mutex::Lock _l(_lock);
-		for(unsigned int p=0,np=_numPaths;p<np;++p) {
+		for(unsigned int p=0;p<_numPaths;++p) {
 			if (_paths[p].active(now))
 				return true;
 		}
@@ -306,6 +306,21 @@ public:
 	}
 #endif
 
+	/**
+	 * @param now Current time
+	 * @param addr Remote address
+	 * @return True if peer currently has an active direct path to addr
+	 */
+	inline bool hasActivePathTo(uint64_t now,const InetAddress &addr) const
+	{
+		Mutex::Lock _l(_lock);
+		for(unsigned int p=0;p<_numPaths;++p) {
+			if ((_paths[p].active(now))&&(_paths[p].address() == addr))
+				return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Reset paths within a given scope
 	 *
@@ -341,6 +356,7 @@ public:
 	inline unsigned int remoteVersionMajor() const throw() { return _vMajor; }
 	inline unsigned int remoteVersionMinor() const throw() { return _vMinor; }
 	inline unsigned int remoteVersionRevision() const throw() { return _vRevision; }
+
 	inline bool remoteVersionKnown() const throw() { return ((_vMajor > 0)||(_vMinor > 0)||(_vRevision > 0)); }
 
 	/**
@@ -386,25 +402,6 @@ public:
 	 */
 	void clean(const RuntimeEnvironment *RR,uint64_t now);
 
-	/**
-	 * Remove all paths with this remote address
-	 *
-	 * @param addr Remote address to remove
-	 */
-	inline void removePathByAddress(const InetAddress &addr)
-	{
-		Mutex::Lock _l(_lock);
-		unsigned int np = _numPaths;
-		unsigned int x = 0;
-		unsigned int y = 0;
-		while (x < np) {
-			if (_paths[x].address() != addr)
-				_paths[y++] = _paths[x];
-			++x;
-		}
-		_numPaths = y;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Update direct path push stats and return true if we should respond
 	 *
@@ -572,7 +569,6 @@ public:
 	}
 
 private:
-	void _sortPaths(const uint64_t now);
 	Path *_getBestPath(const uint64_t now);
 	Path *_getBestPath(const uint64_t now,int inetAddressFamily);