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Fix VPN routing by adding output interface to NAT rules
On multi-homed systems (servers with multiple network interfaces or multiple IPs on one interface), MASQUERADE rules need to specify which interface to use for NAT. Without the output interface specification, packets may not be routed correctly. This fix adds the output interface to all NAT rules: -A POSTROUTING -s [vpn_subnet] -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE Changes: - Modified roles/common/templates/rules.v4.j2 to include output interface - Modified roles/common/templates/rules.v6.j2 for IPv6 support - Added tests to verify output interface is present in NAT rules - Added ansible_default_ipv4/ipv6 variables to test fixtures For deployments on providers like DigitalOcean where MASQUERADE still fails due to multiple IPs on the same interface, users can enable the existing alternative_ingress_ip option in config.cfg to use explicit SNAT. Testing: - Verified on live servers - All unit tests pass (67/67) - Mutation testing confirms test coverage This fixes VPN connectivity on servers with multiple interfaces while remaining backward compatible with single-interface deployments. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@ -184,5 +184,33 @@ def test_wireguard_forward_rule_no_policy_match():
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assert '-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -s 10.49.0.0/16 -m policy' not in result
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def test_output_interface_in_nat_rules():
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"""Test that output interface is specified in NAT rules."""
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template = load_template('rules.v4.j2')
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result = template.render(
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snat_aipv4=False,
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wireguard_enabled=True,
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ipsec_enabled=True,
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wireguard_network_ipv4='10.49.0.0/16',
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strongswan_network='10.48.0.0/16',
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ansible_default_ipv4={'interface': 'eth0', 'address': '10.0.0.1'},
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ansible_default_ipv6={'interface': 'eth0', 'address': 'fd9d:bc11:4020::1'},
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wireguard_port_actual=51820,
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wireguard_port_avoid=53,
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wireguard_port=51820,
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ansible_ssh_port=22,
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reduce_mtu=0
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)
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# Check that output interface is specified for both VPNs
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assert '-A POSTROUTING -s 10.49.0.0/16 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE' in result
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assert '-A POSTROUTING -s 10.48.0.0/16 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE' in result
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# Ensure we don't have rules without output interface
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assert '-A POSTROUTING -s 10.49.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE' not in result
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assert '-A POSTROUTING -s 10.48.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE' not in result
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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pytest.main([__file__, '-v'])
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